Prophylaxis
Prophylaxis means taking proactive steps to prevent infection or disease before it occurs. In sexual health, it is a vital practice that allows you to protect yourself and your partners. This guide covers essential barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms, as well as HIV PrEP and PEP (Pre- and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis), helping you make informed decisions for your well-being.
Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for clinical guidance and personal medical recommendations.
Barrier Protection: Condoms
Condoms are a highly effective, non-hormonal method for preventing both unintended pregnancy and the transmission of STIs, including HIV. When used correctly and consistently, they provide essential protection for sexual health.
External Condoms
Often called 'male' condoms, these are worn over the erect penis to act as a physical barrier, catching fluid and preventing contact with the partner.
- Check expiration date and air bubble in pack.
- Carefully open to avoid tears.
- Place on tip and pinch reservoir end to remove air.
- Roll all the way down to the base.
- Hold rim during withdrawal after ejaculation.
Internal Condoms
Often called 'female' condoms, these are inserted into the vagina or anus before intercourse. They offer partner-independent protection.
- Squeeze internal ring and insert deep into canal.
- Ensure external ring hangs slightly outside.
- Guide partner's penis/toy inside the internal ring.
- Twist external ring to seal and pull out gently after use.
- Never use simultaneously with an external condom.
Diaphragms & Spermicide
A diaphragm is a shallow, silicone cup that you insert into the vagina to cover the cervix, acting as a physical barrier. To be effective, it must always be used with spermicide, which prevents sperm from moving. Because bodies are unique, a diaphragm requires a clinical fitting by a healthcare provider to ensure it provides reliable protection.
Usage Timing: You can insert a diaphragm up to two hours before intercourse. It must remain in place for at least six hours after the last instance of sex, but should not be left in for more than 24 hours total.
Key Pros
- Hormone-free protection
- Reusable for up to two years
- Can be inserted ahead of time
- Immediately reversible
Considerations
- Requires prescription/fitting
- Does not prevent STIs/HIV
- Must use with spermicide
- Can be tricky to insert
Dental Dams
Dental Dams are a thin latex or polyurethane sheet used as a barrier during oral sex.
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Always check the package for rips or holes before using.
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Place the dental dam flat over the vulva or anus—do not stretch or poke holes.
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Hold it in place with your hands, tongue, or partner’s body.
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Use only one side; do not flip it over during use.
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Use a new dental dam each time you switch partners or body parts.
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Do not reuse dental dams.
Pros
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Non‑hormonal and easy to carry.
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Can help reduce the spread of some STIs.
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Can be used with water‑based or silicone lube on the outer side for comfort.
Considerations
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May be harder to find than condoms; check clinics, online shops, or some pharmacies.
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Some people notice less sensation at first but often adjust over time.
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Not a form of pregnancy prevention.
Vaccines & STI Prevention
While many STIs are treated with medication, some can be prevented entirely through vaccination. Vaccines prepare your immune system to fight specific viruses before you are ever exposed, providing long-term protection for your health.
HPV Vaccine (Gardasil 9)
- The HPV vaccine protects against the Human Papillomavirus, which can cause genital warts and several types of cancer.
- Recommended for: Everyone ages 9 to 26. Adults ages 27-45 should consult a provider.
- Importance: Most effective when given before any sexual activity to provide full protection.
Hepatitis B Vaccine
- Protects against HBV, which attacks the liver and is transmitted through bodily fluids.
- Recommended for: All infants and adolescents, and adults at higher risk or seeking STI evaluation.
- Importance: Ensures lifetime immunity against serious liver disease and infection.
Talk to a healthcare provider for medical advice tailored to your needs. In Forsyth County, visit the Department of Public Health or local clinics to find out where to get vaccinated.
HIV PrEP and PEP
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is a daily medication for people who are HIV-negative but at high risk of exposure. When taken as prescribed, it is highly effective at preventing HIV infection by blocking the virus from taking hold in the body.
HIV PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis) is a highly effective emergency medication taken after a possible exposure to HIV to lower the chance of becoming infected. It must be started as soon as possible—within 72 hours—and is taken for 28 days.
PrEP requires a prescription and regular medical follow-up every 3 months, including HIV testing and kidney function monitoring. It's a proactive way to take control of your sexual health and peace of mind.
IMPORTANT: PrEP does NOT prevent other STIs like syphilis, gonorrhea, or chlamydia. For maximum protection, PrEP should be combined with consistent condom use.